Studies in Text Grammar

Overview.- Text Grammar and Text Logic.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Hypothetic Form of Text Grammar.- 3. Formal Logic and Natural Logic.- 4. Text Logic.- 4.1. Introduction.- 4.2. Proofs, Systems and Texts.- 4.3. The Basic Apparatus.- 4.4. Quantification and Identification.- 4.5. Identity.- 4.6. Partial Identity, Inclusion and Elements of Sets.- 4.7. Intensional Coherence.- 4.8. Intensional Identity, Predicates.- 4.9. Propositions, Presuppositions, Consequences, Connectives.- 4.10. A Provisional List of Derivational Principles of Text Logic.- 4.11. Example of Natural Derivation.- 5. Summary.- On Various Solutions of the Problem of Presuppositions.- Pragmatic Implication.- 1. Elements of a Pragmatic Language.- 2. Truth Conditions for Formulas with Series of Epistemic Operators with Alternating Subscripts.- 3. Pragmatic Implication.- 4. Other Types of Pragmatic Implications.- 5. Summary.- Time and Text: Towards an Adequate Heuristics.- 1. Preliminaries.- 2. Note on the ‘Meta-Theoretical Paradigm’.- 3. Brief Sketch of a Model of Language Functioning.- 3.1. The Anthropo-Cybernetic Model of the System ‘Man-World’.- 3.2. Language.- 3.3. Text.- 3.4. Time.- 4. Time and Text.- 5. Concluding Remarks.- Towards an Empirically Motivated Grammatical Theory of Verbal Texts.- I. Sentence Grammars and Text Grammars.- 0. Introduction.- 1. State of the Grammatical Theory of Verbal Texts.- 2. Some General Questions Concerning the Set-Up of Sentence Grammars.- 3. Some General Questions Concerning the Set-Up of Text Grammars.- II. A ‘Not Fixed Linearity Text Grammar’. The Present Stage of its Development.- 0. Introduction.- 1. The Formation Rule System.- 2. The Transformation Rule System.- 3. On the Structure of the Lexicon.- 4. The Algorithm for the Analysis of Texts.- 5. The Algorithm for the Synthesis of Texts.- 6. The Algorithm for the Comparison of Texts.- 7. Concluding Remarks.- Sentence Grammar, Text Grammar, and the Evaluation Problem. Some Remarks Concerning the Theoretical Foundation and the Possible Application of Text Grammars.- 1. Some Remarks on the Meta-Theoretical Postulates and Conventions to Be Used.- 2. Some Informal Remarks on the Structure of $${G_{{d_i}}}$$, i.e. the Phrase Structure Grammar (PSG) to Be Used.- 3. Specification of the Categories Used.- 3.1. Main Categories of VNT.- 3.2. Sub-Categories.- 3.3. Numerical and Other Indices.- 3.4. Semantic Relations.- 4. A Sentence Grammar$${G_{{d_i}}}$$Generating a Set of Sentences (a Language Ldoof which the Sentence SAT[IMP](1)11 is an element.- 4.1. Syntactic Rules.- 4.2. Semantic Rules.- 4.3. Lexical Entries with Specified Readings.- 4.4. An Applicability Condition for Rule (+ACo-14).- 5. Some Arguments for the Delimitation of a Sub-Grammarj$${G_{{d_i}}}$$Based on Syntax and Semantics, i.e. a Grammar Enumerating only Sentences (Norms, Directives) Belonging to the German Language of Jurisdiction.- 6. On the Derivation of Synonymous and Hyperonymous Sentences by Grammars of the Typej$${G_{{d_i}}}$$.- 7. Some Remarks on the Evaluation ofj$${G_{{d_i}}}$$.- On the Validation of Text-Grammars in the ‘Study of Literature’.- Abstract.- 0. Preface.- 1. The Validation of Text-Grammars in the Study of Literature.- 2. The Empirical Content of the Study of Literature.- 3. Reconstruction of the Text Concept.