Section 1. GENERAL TOPICS <br>History of virology: bacteriophages<br>History of virology: plant viruses<br>History of virology: vertebrate viruses<br>Nature of viruses<br>Origin of viruses<br>Ribozymes<br>Virus species<br>Quasispecies<br>Virus databases<br>Phylogeny of viruses<br>Evolution of viruses<br>Taxonomy, classification and nomenclature of viruses<br>Virus classification by pairwise sequence comparison<br>Prions of vertebrates<br>Viruses and bioterrorism<br><br>Section 2. VIRIONS<br>Principles of virion structure<br>Structure of non-enveloped virions<br>Electron microscopy of viruses<br>Cryo-electron microcopy<br>Assembly of non-enveloped virions<br>Assembly of enveloped virions<br>Assembly of bacterial viruses<br>Genome packaging of bacterial viruses<br>Viral membranes<br>Mimivirus<br><br>Section 3. NUCLEIC ACIDS <br>Recombination<br>Satellite nucleic acids and viruses<br>Retrotransposons of vertebrates<br>Defective interfering viruses<br>Interfering RNAs<br>Viruses as vectors in gene therapy <br><br>Section 4. VIRUS INFECTION <br>Viral receptors <br>Virus entry to bacterial cells<br>Membrane fusion<br>Replication of viruses<br>Persistent and latent viral infection<br>Apoptosis and virus infection<br>Viral pathogenesis<br>Antiviral agents<br>Diagnosis using serological and molecular approaches<br>Diagnosis using microarrays<br>Disease surveillance<br><br>Section 5. IMMUNE RESPONSES<br>Innate immunity<br>Defeating innate immunity<br>Antigen presentation<br>Antigenicity and immunogenicity of viral proteins<br>Cytokines and chemokines<br>Cell-mediated immunity to viruses<br>Antibody - mediated immunity to viruses<br>Orthomyxovirus antigen structure<br>Antigenic variation<br>Vaccine strategies<br>DNA Vaccines<br>Vaccine safety<br>Neutralization of infectivity<br>Immunopathology<br><br>Section 6. DESCRIPTION AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF SOME VIRUSES <br>Adenoviruses : molecular biology<br>Baculoviruses : molecular biology of granuloviruses<br>Baculoviruses : molecular biology of nucleopolyhedroviruses<br>Coronaviruses : molecular biology<br>Hepatitis virus B : molecular biology<br>Herpes simplex viruses : molecular biology<br>Human cytomegalovirus : molecular biology<br>Human immunodeficiency viruses : molecular biology<br>Iridoviruses<br>Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus : molecular biology<br>Mononegavirales<br>Nidovirales<br>Nodaviruses<br>Orthomyxoviruses: molecular biology<br>Papillomaviruses: molecular biology <br>Partitiviruses<br>Phycodnaviruses<br>Picornaviruses<br>Reoviruses: molecular biology<br>Seadornaviruses<br>Tetraviruses<br>Togaviruses: molecular biology